Steel is used in every aspect of our lives. From the cars we drive to construction, appliances, ships, and surgical tools. It can be said that steel is a pretty important part of everyday life. But what are the origins of this important material, and what did we do without it?

How Was Steel Discovered?

Around 400 BC, Indian metalworkers produced the first true steel by inventing a smelting method that bonded the perfect amount of carbon to iron. This method involved a crucible; a clay container for molten metal. In the early Middle Ages, workers in present-day Germany produced cast iron in blast furnaces reaching up to 3,000 degrees Fahrenheit. Steel demand skyrockets in Europe following the invention of cannons and firearms during warfare. Benjamin Huntsman developed coal-fire smelters that produce strong and reliable, but easily weldable steel. Later, Henry Bessemer invents a way to remove excess carbon and impurities from the iron, enabling mass production of higher qualities of steel. Before this mass production, however, steel was an expensive item to produce and therefore, only made in small quantities being used only for swords, tools, and silverware. Larger metal structures were made from wrought or cast iron.

Steel In the Modern Age.

Between 1875-1920 steel production grew to 60 million tons annually, resulting in the US becoming the world leader. The rapid expansion and technological foundations of urban infrastructures, offices, factories, railroads, and other sectors demanding steel were the results of this rapid growth. In the 20th century, the use of steel in appliances and automobiles began. The need for steel remains high, and most steel is now produced in mills. Steel makes much of contemporary life possible.

Why Steel?

Treated properly, high-quality steel can last for decades. Steel is adaptable and caters to changes in building. It is endlessly recyclable, meaning once demolished it can be reused or melted down and repurposed time and time again without loss of properties. Fire and earthquake resistant, it is truly a resilient material that will last. It is also lighter and has less impact on the environment. Steel is lighter than other materials making it easier to transport, and reducing fuel use.

Steel is an incredibly useful and versatile resource in our modern lives. Being completely recyclable, having great durability, and requiring comparatively low amounts of energy to produce, steel will be used for decades to come.

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